做CT检查对人体有什么危害

做CT检查存在电离辐射暴露、碘过敏反应、肾功能损害、急性肺水肿、金属颗粒热沉积等风险。

1.电离辐射暴露

电离辐射暴露是因为CT检查使用X射线对人体进行扫描，这些高能辐射能够使原子电离。长时间或频繁的电离辐射暴露可能导致DNA损伤、增加癌症风险等。

2.碘过敏反应

Iodine allergy occurs when individuals with pre-existing sensitivity to iodine substances experience an immune response triggered by the contrast agent used in CT scans.Adverse effects may include rashes, swelling, difficulty breathing, and severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.

3.肾功能损害

Renal function impairment can result from the intravenous administration of iodinated contrast dye during CT scanning, which exerts nephrotoxic effects on the kidneys.Long-term or excessive exposure to high doses of radiation may lead to kidney damage, including acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, and an increased risk of developing cancer.

4.急性肺水肿

Acute pulmonary edema is caused by the rapid distribution of intravenously injected iodinated contrast material into the alveolar spaces due to the high concentration gradient between blood and lung interstitium during CT examination.The condition presents with shortness of breath, coughing up pink or frothy痰液, and rapid onset of chest tightness and discomfort.

5.金属颗粒热沉积

Metal particle deposition occurs when tiny metal particles released from the CT scanner's cooling system accumulate in soft tissues over time through a process called metal fume fever.Patients may experience flu-like symptoms such as chills, muscle pain, nausea, and fatigue following prolonged exposure to these particles.

在进行CT检查时，应确保告知医生任何可能的过敏史，以减少不良反应的发生。同时注意保持良好的通风环境，避免长时间处于密闭空间内接受辐射照射。