顺铂的副作用包括恶心呕吐、肾毒性和听力损害、神经毒性、黏膜炎以及骨髓抑制。使用顺铂时，应密切监测患者的症状，以减少这些副作用的发生。
1.恶心呕吐
恶心呕吐通常是因为顺铂引起中枢神经系统和消化系统功能紊乱。患者可能出现食欲不振、呕吐等症状，严重时可能导致脱水和电解质失衡。
2.肾毒性和听力损害
顺铂会通过竞争性抑制DNA合成而干扰细胞分裂过程，导致肾脏细胞损伤。肾脏受损可能导致尿量减少、尿色改变等，长期使用可能引发慢性肾衰竭。听力损害是由于顺铂破坏内耳中的毛细胞，影响声音传导。
3.神经毒性
Neurotoxicity of cisplatin is due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause damage to neurons.Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity can manifest as numbness, tingling, or weakness in extremities, cognitive impairment, and other neurological symptoms.
4.黏膜炎
Mucositis occurs when cisplatin causes inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes, particularly in the mouth and digestive tract.Symptoms may include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, taste changes, and diarrhea.
5.骨髓抑制
Oncologists use cisplatin to treat various types of cancer, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, cervical, head and neck cancers, and small cell lung cancer.The drug works by binding to DNA and disrupting cell division, which kills rapidly growing cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
在接受顺铂治疗期间，应密切监测患者的症状，特别是注意听力变化和肾功能指标，以早期发现并处理潜在的副作用。
