糖尿病的严重后果包括酮症酸中毒、高血糖高渗状态、神经病变、视网膜病变以及肾功能衰竭。
1.酮症酸中毒
酮症酸中毒是由于胰岛素不足导致身体无法有效利用葡萄糖来产生能量，从而转向分解脂肪，产生大量酮体，其中β-羟丁酸和乙酰乙酸都是较强的酸性物质。该疾病会导致血液中酸度增加，引起代谢性酸中毒，进一步发展可引发昏迷、呼吸困难等严重症状。
2.高血糖高渗状态
高血糖高渗状态通常是因为体内胰岛素分泌减少或作用减弱，导致血糖水平持续升高，超过肾脏处理能力而出现尿糖现象，进而影响渗透压平衡。此状况下患者会出现口渴、脱水等症状，严重时可能导致昏迷甚至死亡。
3.神经病变
Neuropathies are caused by the damage of peripheral nerves due to long-term hyperglycemia, which leads to impaired nerve conduction and function.Patients may experience numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in affected areas, affecting motor skills and sensation.
4.视网膜病变
Retinopathy is associated with high blood glucose levels causing damage to the blood vessels in the retina, resulting in leakage or blockage that can lead to vision loss over time.The condition progresses from mild background changes to severe vitreous hemorrhage, causing gradual vision impairment until blindness occurs.
5.肾功能衰竭
Diabetic nephropathy results from prolonged hyperglycemia-induced injury to the glomeruli, leading to albuminuria and eventually renal failure.This condition often presents with proteinuria, edema, and progressive decline in kidney function, ultimately requiring dialysis or transplantation.
糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，需要定期监测血糖并遵循医嘱进行治疗。若病情恶化或出现并发症迹象，应立即就医以控制病情进展。
